The Project Gutenberg eBook of Index of the Project Gutenberg Works of Washington Irving

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Title: Index of the Project Gutenberg Works of Washington Irving

Author: Washington Irving

Editor: David Widger

Release date: October 26, 2018 [eBook #58172]
Most recently updated: April 5, 2023

Language: English

Credits: Produced by David Widger

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK INDEX OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG WORKS OF WASHINGTON IRVING ***

INDEX OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG
WORKS OF

WASHINGTON IRVING

Compiled by David Widger

CONTENTS

Click on the ## before each title to view a linked
table of contents for each of the twelve volumes.

Click on the title itself to open the original online file.

THE LEGEND OF SLEEPY HOLLOW

LITTLE BRITAIN

##  ASTORIA

##  THE ADVENTURES OF CAPTAIN BONNEVILLE

##  OLD CHRISTMAS

##  THE SKETCH BOOK OF GEOFFREY CRAYON, GENT.

##  THE CRAYON PAPERS

##  THE CONQUEST OF GRANADA

##  THE STUDENT'S LIFE OF WASHINGTON; CONDENSED

THE LIFE OF GEORGE WASHINGTON, VOL I (of V)

##  ABBOTSFORD AND NEWSTEAD ABBEY

##  OLIVER GOLDSMITH

LIFE AND VOYAGES OF CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS (VOL. II)

##  WOLFERT'S ROOST AND MISCELLANIES

##  KNICKERBOCKER'S HISTORY OF NEW YORK

##  TALES OF A TRAVELLER

##  BRACEBRIDGE HALL, OR THE HUMORISTS

##  THE ALHAMBRA

##  SPANISH PAPERS

TABLES OF CONTENTS OF VOLUMES

ASTORIA;

OR, ANECDOTES OF AN ENTERPRISE
BEYOND THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS

By Washington Irving

CONTENTS

AUTHOR’S INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER I. -- Objects of American Enterprise.-Gold Hunting and Fur Trading.-Their Effect on Colonization.-Early French Canadian Settlers.-Ottawa and Huron Hunters.-An Indian Trading Camp. Coureurs Des Bois, or Rangers of the Woods.-Their Roaming Life.-Their Revels and Excesses.-Licensed Traders. Missionaries.-Trading Posts.-Primitive French Canadian Merchant.-His Establishment and Dependents.-British Canadian Fur Merchant.-Origin of the Northwest Company.-Its Constitution.-Its Internal Trade.-A Candidate for the Company.-Privations in the Wilderness.-Northwest Clerks. Northwest Partners.-Northwest Nabobs.-Feudal Notions in the Forests.-The Lords of the Lakes.-Fort William.-Its Parliamentary Hall and Banqueting Room.-Wassailing in the Wilderness.

CHAPTER II. -- Rise of the Mackinaw Company.-Attempt of the American Government to Counteract Foreign Influence Over the Indian Tribes.-John Jacob Astor.-His Birth-Place.-His Arrival in the United States.-What First Turned His Attention to the Fur Trade.-His Character, Enterprises, and Success.-His Communications With the American Government.-Origin of the American Fur Company

CHAPTER III. -- Fur Trade in the Pacific-American Coasting Voyages-Russian Enterprises.-Discovery of the Columbia River.-Carver's Project to Found a Settlement There.-Mackenzie's Expedition.-Lewis and Clarke's Journey Across the Rocky Mountains-Mr. Astor's Grand Commercial Scheme.-His Correspondence on the Subject With Mr. Jefferson.-His Negotiations With the Northwest Company.-His Steps to Carry His Scheme Into Effect.

CHAPTER IV. -- Two Expeditions Set on Foot.-The Tonquin and Her Crew.- Captain Thorn, His Character.-The Partners and Clerks- Canadian Voyageurs, Their Habits, Employments, Dress, Character, Songs-Expedition of a Canadian Boat and Its Crew by Land and Water.-Arrival at New York.-Preparations for a Sea Voyage.-Northwest Braggarts.-Underhand Precautions- Letter of Instructions.

CHAPTER V. -- Sailing of the Tonquin.-A Rigid Commander and a Reckless Crew.-Landsmen on Shipboard.-Fresh-Water Sailors at Sea.- Lubber Nests.-Ship Fare.-A Labrador Veteran-Literary Clerks.-Curious Travellers.-Robinson Crusoe's Island.- Quarter-Deck Quarrels.-Falkland Islands.-A Wild-Goose Chase.-Port Egmont.-Epitaph Hunting.-Old Mortality- Penguin Shooting.-Sportsmen Left in the Lurch.-A Hard Pull.-Further Altercations.-Arrival at Owyhee.

CHAPTER VI. -- Owyhee.-Sandwich Islanders-Their Nautical Talents.- Tamaahmaah.-His Navy.-His Negotiations.-Views of Mr. Astor With Respect to the Sandwich Islands-Karakakooa.- Royal Monopoly of Pork.-Description of the Islanders- Gayeties on Shore.-Chronicler of the Island.-Place Where Captain Cook was Killed.-John Young, a Nautical Governor.-His Story.-Waititi-A Royal Residence.-A Royal Visit-Grand Ceremonials.-Close Dealing-A Royal Pork Merchant-Grievances of a Matter-of-Fact Man.

CHAPTER VII. -- Departure From the Sandwich Islands.-Misunderstandings- Miseries of a Suspicious Man.-Arrival at the Columbia- Dangerous Service.-Gloomy Apprehensions-Bars and Breakers.-Perils of the Ship. Disasters of a Boat's Crew.- Burial of a Sandwich Islander.

CHAPTER VIII. -- Mouth of the Columbia.-The Native Tribes.-Their Fishing.- Their Canoes.-Bold Navigators-Equestrian Indians and Piscatory Indians, Difference in Their Physical Organization.-Search for a Trading Site.-Expedition of M'Dougal and David Stuart-Comcomly, the One-Eyed Chieftain.- Influence of Wealth in Savage Life.-Slavery Among the Natives.-An Aristocracy of Flatheads.-Hospitality Among the Chinooks-Comcomly's Daughter.-Her Conquest.

CHAPTER IX. -- Point George-Founding of Astoria-Indian Visitors.-Their Reception.-The Captain Taboos the Ship.-Departure of the Tonquin.-Comments on the Conduct of Captain Thorn.

CHAPTER X. -- Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.-Reconnoitring Party- Preparations for a Trading Post.-An Unexpected Arrival-A Spy in the Camp.-Expedition Into the Interior-Shores of the Columbia-Mount Coffin.-Indian Sepulchre.-The Land of Spirits-Columbian Valley-Vancouver's Point.-Falls and Rapids.-A Great Fishing Mart.-The Village of Wishram.- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.-Post Established at the Oakinagan.

CHAPTER XI. -- Alarm at Astoria.-Rumor of Indian Hostilities.- Preparations for Defense.-Tragic Fate of the Tonquin.

CHAPTER XII. -- Gloom at Astoria-An Ingenious Stratagem.-The Small-Pox Chief.-Launching of the Dolly.-An Arrival.-A Canadian Trapper.-A Freeman of the Forest-An Iroquois Hunter.- Winter on the Columbia.-Festivities of New Year.

CHAPTER XIII. -- Expedition by Land.-Wilson P. Hunt.-His Character.-Donald M'Kenzie.-Recruiting Service Among the Voyageurs.-A Bark Canoe.-Chapel of St. Anne.-Votive Offerings.-Pious Carousals,-A Ragged Regiment.-Mackinaw.-Picture of a Trading Post.-Frolicking Voyageurs.-Swells and Swaggerers.- Indian Coxcombs.-A Man of the North.-Jockeyship of Voyageurs-Inefficacy of Gold.-Weight of a Feather-Mr. Ramsay Crooks-His Character.-His Risks Among the Indians.- His Warning Concerning Sioux and Blackfeet.-Embarkation of Recruits.-Parting Scenes Between Brothers, Cousins, Wives, Sweethearts, and Pot Companions.

CHAPTER XIV. -- St. Louis.-Its Situation.-Motley Population.-French Creole Traders and Their Dependants.-Missouri Fur Company- Mr. Manuel Lisa.-Mississippi Boatmen.-Vagrant Indians. -Kentucky Hunters-Old French Mansion-Fiddling-Billiards -Mr. Joseph Miller-His Character-Recruits-Voyage Up the Missouri.-Difficulties of the River.-Merits of Canadian Voyageurs.-Arrival at the Nodowa.-Mr. Robert M'Lellan joins the Party-John Day, a Virginia Hunter. Description of Him. -Mr. Hunt Returns to St. Louis.

CHAPTER XV. -- Opposition of the Missouri Fur Company.-Blackfeet Indians.- Pierre Dorion, a Half-Breed Interpreter.-Old Dorion and His Hybrid Progeny-Family Quarrels.-Cross Purposes Between Dorion and Lisa.-Renegadoes From Nodowa.-Perplexities of a Commander.-Messrs. Bradbury and Nuttall Join the Expedition.-Legal Embarrassments of Pierre Dorion.- Departure From St. Louis.-Conjugal Discipline of a Half- Breed.-Annual Swelling of the Rivers.-Daniel Boone, the Patriarch of Kentucky.-John Colter.-His Adventures Among the Indians.-Rumors of Danger Ahead.-Fort Osage.-An Indian War- Feast.-Troubles in the Dorion Family.-Buffaloes and Turkey- Buzzards.

CHAPTER XVI. -- Return of Spring.-Appearance of Snakes.-Great Flights of Wild Pigeons.-Renewal of the Voyage.-Night Encampments.- Platte River.-Ceremonials on Passing It.-Signs of Indian War Parties.-Magnificent Prospect at Papillion Creek.- Desertion of Two Hunters.-An Irruption Into the Camp of Indian Desperadoes.-Village of the Omahas.-Anecdotes of the Tribe.-Feudal Wars of the Indians.-Story of Blackbird, the Famous Omaha Chief.

CHAPTER XVII. -- Rumors of Danger From the Sioux Tetons.-Ruthless Character of Those Savages.-Pirates of the Missouri.-Their Affair with Crooks and M'Lellan.-A Trading Expedition Broken Up.- M'Lellan's Vow of Vengeance.-Uneasiness in the Camp.- Desertions.-Departure From the Omaha Village.-Meeting With Jones and Carson, two Adventurous Trappers.-Scientific Pursuits of Messrs. Bradbury and Nuttall.-Zeal of a Botanist.-Adventure of Mr. Bradbury with a Ponca Indian.- Expedient of the Pocket Compass and Microscope.-A Messenger From Lisa.-Motives for Pressing Forward.

CHAPTER XVIII. -- Camp Gossip.-Deserters.-Recruits.-Kentucky Hunters.-A Veteran Woodman.-Tidings of Mr. Henry.-Danger From the Blackfeet.-Alteration of Plans.-Scenery of the River.- Buffalo Roads.-Iron Ore.-Country of the Sioux.-A Land of Danger.-apprehensions of the Voyageurs.-Indian Scouts.- Threatened Hostilities.-A Council of War.-An Array of Battle.-A Parley.-The Pipe of Peace.-Speech-Making.

CHAPTER XIX. -- The Great Bend of the Missouri-Crooks and M'Lellan Meet With Two of Their Indian Opponents-Wanton Outrage of a White Man the Cause of Indian Hostility-Dangers and Precautions.-An Indian War Party.-Dangerous Situation of Mr. Hunt.-A Friendly Encampment.-Feasting and Dancing.- Approach of Manuel Lisa and His Party-.A Grim Meeting Between Old Rivals.-Pierre Dorion in a Fury.-A Burst of chivalry.

CHAPTER XX. -- Features of the Wilderness-Herds of Buffalo.-Antelopes- Their Varieties and Habits.-John Day.-His Hunting Strategy-Interview with Three Arickaras-Negotiations Between the Rival Parties-The Left-Handed and the Big Man, two Arickara Chiefs.-Arickara Village-Its Inhabitants- Ceremonials on Landing-A Council Lodge.-Grand Conference- Speech of Lisa.-Negotiation for Horses.-Shrewd Suggestion of Gray Eyes, an Arickara Chief-Encampment of the Trading Parties.

CHAPTER XXI. -- An Indian Horse Fair.-Love of the Indians for Horses- Scenes in the Arickara Village.-Indian Hospitality.-Duties of Indian Women. Game Habits of the Men.-Their Indolence. -Love of Gossiping.-Rumors of Lurking Enemies.-Scouts.- An Alarm.-A Sallying Forth.-Indian Dogs.-Return of a Horse -Stealing Party.-An Indian Deputation.-Fresh Alarms.-Return of a Successful War Party.-Dress of the Arickaras.-Indian Toilet.-Triumphal Entry of the War Party.-Meetings of Relations and Friends.-Indian Sensibility.-Meeting of a Wounded Warrior and His Mother.-Festivities and Lamentations.

CHAPTER XXII. -- Wilderness of the Far West.-Great American Desert-Parched Seasons.-Black Hills.-Rocky Mountains.-Wandering and Predatory Hordes.-Speculations on What May Be the Future Population.-Apprehended Dangers.-A Plot to Desert.-Rose the Interpreter.-His Sinister Character-Departure From the Arickara Village.

CHAPTER XXIII. -- Summer Weather of the Prairies.-Purity of the Atmosphere- Canadians on the March.-Sickness in the Camp.-Big River.- Vulgar Nomenclature.-Suggestions About the Original Indian Names.-Camp of Cheyennes.-Trade for Horses.-Character of the Cheyennes.-Their Horsemanship.-Historical Anecdotes of the Tribe.

CHAPTER XXIV. -- New Distribution of Horses-Secret Information of Treason in the Camp.-Rose the Interpreter-His Perfidious Character- His Plots.-Anecdotes of the Crow Indians.-Notorious Horse Stealers.-Some Account of Rose.-A Desperado of the Frontier.

CHAPTER XXV. -- Substitute for Fuel on the Prairies.-Fossil Trees.- Fierceness of the Buffaloes When in Heat.-Three Hunters Missing.-Signal Fires and Smokes.-Uneasiness Concerning the Lost Men.-A Plan to Forestall a Rogue.-New Arrangement With Rose.-Return of the Wanderers.

CHAPTER XXVI. -- The Black Mountains.-Haunts of Predatory Indians.-Their Wild and Broken Appearance.-Superstitions Concerning Them- Thunder Spirits.-Singular Noises in the Mountains-Secret Mines.-Hidden Treasures.-Mountains in Labor.-Scientific Explanation.-Impassable Defiles.-Black-Tailed Deer.-The Bighorn or Ahsahta.-Prospect From a Lofty Height.-Plain With Herds of Buffalo.-Distant Peaks of the Rocky Mountains.-Alarms in the Camp.-Tracks of Grizzly Bears.- Dangerous Nature of This Animal.-Adventures of William Cannon and John Day With Grizzly Bears.

CHAPTER XXVII. -- Indian Trail.-Rough Mountain Travelling.-Sufferings From Hunger and Thirst-Powder River.-Game in Abundance.-A Hunter's Paradise.-Mountain Peak Seen at a Great Distance.- One of the Bighorn Chain.-Rocky Mountains.-Extent.- Appearance.-Height.-The Great American Desert.-Various Characteristics of the Mountains.-Indian Superstitions Concerning Them.-Land of Souls.-Towns of the Free and Generous Spirits-Happy Hunting Grounds.

CHAPTER XXVIII. -- Region of the Crow Indians-Scouts on the Lookout-Visit From a Crew of Hard Riders.-A Crow Camp.-Presents to the Crow Chief.-Bargaining.-Crow Bullies.-Rose Among His Indian Friends.-Parting With the Crows.-Perplexities Among the Mountains.-More of the Crows.-Equestrian Children.-Search After Stragglers.

CHAPTER XXIX -- Mountain Glens.-Wandering Band of Savages-Anecdotes of Shoshonies and Flatheads.-Root Diggers-Their Solitary Lurking Habits.-Gnomes of the Mountains.-Wind River.- Scarcity of Food.-Alteration of Route.-The Pilot Knobs or Tetons.-Branch of the Colorado.-Hunting Camp.

CHAPTER XXX. -- A Plentiful Hunting Camp.-Shoshonie Hunters-Hoback's River -Mad River-Encampment Near the Pilot Knobs.-A Consultation.-Preparations for a Perilous Voyage.

CHAPTER XXXI. -- A Consultation Whether to Proceed by Land or Water- Preparations for Boat-Building.-An Exploring Party.-A Party of Trappers Detached.-Two Snake Visitors.-Their Report Concerning the River.-Confirmed by the Exploring Party.-Mad River Abandoned.-Arrival at Henry's Fort.- Detachment of Robinson, Hoback, and Rezner to Trap.-Mr. Miller Resolves to Accompany Them.-Their Departure.

CHAPTER XXXII. -- Scanty Fare.-A Mendicant Snake.-Embarkation on Henry River-Joy of the Voyageurs.-Arrival at Snake River.-Rapids and Breakers.-Beginning of Misfortunes.-Snake Encampments.-Parley With a Savage.-A Second Disaster.- Loss of a Boatman.-The Caldron Linn.

CHAPTER XXXIII. -- Gloomy Council.-Exploring Parties-Discouraging Reports- Disastrous Experiment.-Detachments in Quest of Succor.- Caches, How Made.-Return of One of the Detachments- Unsuccessful.-Further Disappointments-The Devil's Scuttle-Hole

CHAPTER XXXIV. -- Determination of the Party to Proceed on Foot.-Dreary Deserts Between Snake River and the Columbia.-Distribution of Effects Preparatory to a March-Division of the Party.- Rugged March Along the River.-Wild and Broken Scenery.- Shoshonies.-Alarm of a Snake Encampment-Intercourse with the Snakes.-Horse Dealing.-Value of a Tin Kettle.- Sufferings From Thirst-A Horse Reclaimed.-Fortitude of an Indian Woman.-Scarcity of Food.-Dog's Flesh a Dainty.-News of Mr. Crooks and His Party.-Painful Travelling Among the Mountains.-Snow Storms.-A Dreary Mountain Prospect.-A Bivouac During a Wintry Night.-Return to the River Bank.

CHAPTER XXXV. -- An Unexpected Meeting.-Navigation in a Skin Canoe.-Strange Fears of Suffering Men.-Hardships of Mr. Crooks and His Comrades.-Tidings of M'Lellan.-A Retrograde March.-A Willow Raft.-Extreme Suffering of Some of the Party-Illness of Mr. Crooks.-Impatience of Some of the Men.-Necessity of Leaving the Laggards Behind.

CHAPTER XXXVI. -- Mr. Hunt Overtakes the Advance Party.-Pierre Dorion, and His Skeleton Horse.-A Shoshonie Camp.-A Justifiable Outrage.-Feasting on Horse Flesh.-Mr. Crooks Brought to the Camp.-Undertakes to Relieve His Men.-The Skin Ferry- Boat.-Frenzy of Prevost.-His Melancholy Fate.-Enfeebled State of John Day.-Mr. Crooks Again Left Behind.-The Party Emerge From Among the Mountains.-Interview With Shoshonies.- A Guide Procured to Conduct the Party Across a Mountain.- Ferriage Across Snake River.-Reunion With Mr Crook's Men.- Final Departure From the River.

CHAPTER XXXVII -- Departure From Snake River-Mountains to the North.-Wayworn Travellers-An Increase of the Dorion Family.-A Camp of Shoshonies.-A New-Year Festival Among the Snakes.-A Wintry March Through the Mountains.-A Sunny Prospect, and Milder Climate.-Indian Horse-Tracks.-Grassy Valleys.-A Camp of Sciatogas.-Joy of the Travellers.-Dangers of Abundance.- Habits of the Sciatogas.-Fate of Carriere.-The Umatilla.- Arrival at the Banks of the Columbia.-Tidings of the Scattered Members of the Expedition.-Scenery on the Columbia.-Tidings of Astoria-Arrival at the Falls.

CHAPTER XXXVIII. -- The Village of Wish-ram.-Roguery of the Inhabitants.-Their Habitations.-Tidings of Astoria.-Of the Tonquin Massacre. -Thieves About the Camp.-A Band of Braggarts-Embarkation.- Arrival at Astoria.-A Joyful Reception.-Old Comrade.- Adventures of Reed, M'Lellan, and M'Kenzie Among the Snake River Mountains.-Rejoicing at Astoria.

CHAPTER XXXIX. -- Scanty Fare During the Winter.-A Poor Hunting Ground.-The Return of the Fishing Season.-The Uthlecan or Smelt.-Its Qualities.-Vast Shoals of it.-Sturgeon.-Indian Modes of Taking It.-The Salmon-Different Species.-Nature of the Country About the Coast.-Forests and Forest Trees.-A Remarkable Flowering Vine.-Animals.-Birds.-Reptiles- Climate West of the Mountains-Mildness of the Temperature.-Soil of the Coast and the Interior.

CHAPTER XL. -- Natives in the Neighborhood of Astoria-Their Persons and Characteristics.-Causes of Deformity-Their Dress.- Their Contempt of Beards-Ornaments-Armor and Weapons.-Mode of Flattening the Head.-Extent of the Custom.-Religious Belief.-The Two Great Spirits of the Air and of the Fire.- Priests or Medicine Men.-The Rival Idols.-Polygamy a Cause of Greatness-Petty Warfare.-Music, Dancing, Gambling.- Thieving a Virtue.-Keen Traders-Intrusive Habits- Abhorrence of Drunkenness-Anecdote of Comcomly.

CHAPTER XLI. -- Spring Arrangements at Astoria.-Various Expeditions Set Out.-The Long Narrows.-Pilfering Indians.-Thievish Tribe at Wish-ram.-Portage at the Falls-Portage by Moonlight.- An Attack, a Route, and a Robbery.-Indian Cure for Cowardice.-A Parley and Compromise.-The Despatch Party Turn Back.-Meet Crooks and John Day.-Their Sufferings.- Indian Perfidy.-Arrival at Astoria.

CHAPTER XLII -- Comprehensive Views.-To Supply the Russian Fur Establishment.-An Agent Sent to Russia.-Project of an Annual Ship.-The Beaver Fitted Out.-Her Equipment and Crew.-Instructions to the Captain.-The Sandwich Islands.-Rumors of the Fate of the Tonquin.-Precautions on Reaching the Mouth of the Columbia.

CHAPTER XLIII. -- Active Operations at Astoria-Various Expeditions Fitted Out.-Robert Stuart and a Party Destined for New York- Singular Conduct of John Day.-His Fate.-Piratical Pass and Hazardous Portage.-Rattlesnakes.-Their Abhorrence of Tobacco.-Arrival Among the Wallah-Wallahs.-Purchase of Horses-Departure of Stuart and His Band for the Mountains.

CHAPTER XLIV. -- Route of Mr. Stuart-Dreary Wilds.-Thirsty Travelling.-A Grove and Streamlet.-The Blue Mountains.-A Fertile Plain With Rivulets.-Sulphur Spring-Route Along Snake River- Rumors of White Men.-The Snake and His Horse.-A Snake Guide.-A Midnight Decampment.-Unexpected Meeting With Old Comrades-Story of Trappers' Hardships-Salmon Falls-A Great Fishery.-Mode of Spearing Salmon.-Arrival at the Caldron Linn.-State of the Caches.-New Resolution of the Three Kentucky Trappers.

CHAPTER XLV. -- The Snake River Deserts.-Scanty Fare.-Bewildered Travellers-Prowling Indians-A Giant Crow Chief.-A Bully Rebuked-Indian Signals.-Smoke on the Mountains.-Mad River.-An Alarm.-An Indian Foray-A Scamper.-A Rude Indian joke.-A Sharp-Shooter Balked of His Shot.

CHAPTER XLVI. -- Travellers Unhorsed-Pedestrian Preparations-Prying Spies. -Bonfires of Baggage-A March on Foot.-Rafting a River-The Wounded Elk.-Indian Trails.-Willful Conduct of Mr. M'Lellan.-Grand Prospect From a Mountain.-Distant Craters of Volcanoes-Illness of Mr. Crooks.

CHAPTER XLVII. -- Ben Jones and a Grizzly Bear.-Rocky Heights-Mountain Torrents.-Traces of M'Lellan.-Volcanic Remains-Mineral Earths.-Peculiar Clay for Pottery.-Dismal Plight of M'Lellan.-Starvation.-Shocking Proposition of a Desperate Man.-A Broken-Down Bull.-A Ravenous Meal.-Indian Graves- Hospitable Snakes.-A Forlorn Alliance.

CHAPTER XLVIII. -- Spanish River Scenery.-Trail of Crow Indians.-A Snow- Storm.-A Rousing Fire and a Buffalo Feast.-A Plain of Salt.-Climbing a Mountain.-Volcanic Summit.-Extinguished Crater.-Marine Shells.-Encampment on a Prairie.- Successful Hunting.-Good Cheer.-Romantic Scenery-Rocky Defile.-Foaming Rapids.-The Fiery Narrows.

CHAPTER XLIX. -- Wintry Storms.-A Halt and Council.-Cantonment for the Winter.-Fine Hunting Country.-Game of the Mountains and Plains.-Successful Hunting-Mr. Crooks and a Grizzly Bear.- The Wigwam.-Bighorn and Black-Tails.-Beef and Venison.- Good Quarters and Good Cheer.-An Alarm.-An Intrusion.- Unwelcome Guests.-Desolation of the Larder.-Gormandizing Exploits of Hungry Savages.-Good Quarters Abandoned.

CHAPTER L. -- Rough Wintry Travelling-Hills and Plains.-Snow and Ice.- Disappearance of Game.-A Vast Dreary Plain.-A. Second Halt for the Winter.-Another Wigwam.-New Year's Feast.-Buffalo Humps, Tongues, and Marrow-Bones.-Return of Spring.-Launch of Canoes.-Bad Navigation.-Pedestrian March.-Vast Prairies.-Deserted Camps.-Pawnee Squaws.-An Otto Indian.-News of War.-Voyage Down the Platte and the Missouri.-Reception at Fort Osage.-Arrival at St. Louis.

CHAPTER LI. -- Agreement Between Mr. Astor and the Russian Fur Company-War Between the United States and Great Britain.-Instructions to Captain Sowle of the Beaver-Fitting Out of the Lark.- News of the Arrival of Mr. Stuart.

CHAPTER LII. -- Banks of the Wallah-Wallah.-Departure of David Stuart for the Oakinagan.-Mr. Clarke's Route Up Lewis River.- Chipunnish, or Pierced-Nose Indians-Their Character, Appearance, and Habits.-Thievish Habits.-Laying Up of the Boats.-Post at Pointed Heart and Spokan Rivers.-M'Kenzie, His Route Up the Camoenum.-Bands of Travelling Indians.- Expedition of Reed to the Caches.-Adventures of Wandering Voyageurs and Trappers.

CHAPTER LIII. -- Departure of Mr. Hunt in the Beaver-Precautions at the Factory.-Detachment to the Wollamut.-Gloomy Apprehensions.- Arrival of M'Kenzie.-Affairs at the Shahaptan.-News of War.-Dismay of M'Dougal.-Determination to Abandon Astoria.- Departure of M'Kenzie for the Interior.-Adventure at the Rapids.-Visit to the Ruffians of Wish-ram.-A Perilous Situation.-Meeting With M'Tavish and His Party.-Arrival at the Shahaptan.-Plundered Caches.-Determination of the Wintering Partners Not to Leave the Country.-Arrival of Clarke Among the Nez Perces.-The Affair of the Silver Goblet.-Hanging of An Indian.-Arrival of the Wintering Partners at Astoria.

CHAPTER LIV. -- The Partners Displeased With M'Dougal.-Equivocal Conduct of That Gentleman-Partners Agree to Abandon Astoria.-Sale of Goods to M'Tavish.-Arrangements for the Year.-Manifesto Signed by the Partners-Departure of M'Tavish for the Interior.

CHAPTER LV. -- Anxieties of Mr. Astor.-Memorial of the Northwest Company- Tidings of a British Naval Expedition Against Astoria.-Mr. Astor Applies to Government for Protection.-The Frigate Adams Ordered to be Fitted Out.-Bright News From Astoria.- Sunshine Suddenly Overclouded.

CHAPTER LVI. -- Affairs of State at Astoria.-M'Dougal Proposes for the Hand of An Indian Princess-Matrimonial Embassy to Comcomly.- Matrimonial Notions Among the Chinooks.-Settlements and Pin-Money.-The Bringing Home of the Bride.-A Managing Father-in-Law.-Arrival of Mr. Hunt at Astoria.

CHAPTER LVII. -- Voyage of the Beaver to New Archangel.-A Russian Governor.- Roystering Rule.-The Tyranny of the Table-Hard Drinking Bargainings.-Voyage to Kamtschatka.-Seal Catching Establishment at St. Paul's.-Storms at Sea.-Mr. Hunt Left at the Sandwich Islands.-Transactions of the Beaver at Canton.-Return of Mr. Hunt to Astoria.

CHAPTER LVIII. -- Arrangements Among the Partners-Mr. Hunt Sails in the Albatross.-Arrives at the Marquesas-News of the Frigate Phoebe.-Mr. Hunt Proceeds to the Sandwich Islands.-Voyage of the Lark.-Her Shipwreck.-Transactions With the Natives of the Sandwich Islands-Conduct of Tamaahmaah.

CHAPTER LIX. -- Arrival of M'Tavish at Astoria.-Conduct of His Followers.- Negotiations of M'Dougal and M'Tavish.-Bargain for the Transfer of Astoria-Doubts Entertained of the Loyalty of M'Dougal.

CHAPTER LX. -- Arrival of a Strange Sail.-Agitation at Astoria.-Warlike Offer of Comcomly.-Astoria Taken Possession of by the British.-Indignation of Comcomly at the Conduct of His Son- in-Law.

CHAPTER LXI. -- Arrival of the Brig Pedler at Astoria.-Breaking Up of the Establishment.-Departure of Several of the Company.- Tragical Story Told by the Squaw of Pierre Dorion.-Fate of Reed and His Companions.-Attempts of Mr. Astor to Renew His Enterprise.-Disappointment.-Concluding Observations and Reflection.

APPENDIX

Draught of a Petition to Congress, sent by Mr. Astor in 1812.

AN ACT to enable the American Fur Company,

Letter from Mr. Gallatin to Mr. Astor

Notices of the Present State of the Fur Trade,

Height of the Rocky Mountains.

THE ADVENTURES OF CAPTAIN BONNEVILLE

Digested from his journal

By Washington Irving

Originally published in 1837

CONTENTS

Introductory Notice

1. -- State of the fur trade of the-Rocky Mountains-American enterprises-General-Ashley and his associates-Sublette, a famous leader-Yearly rendezvous among the mountains- Stratagems and dangers of the trade-Bands of trappers- Indian banditti-Crows and Blackfeet Mountaineers-Traders of the-Far West-Character and habits of the trapper

2. -- Departure from-Fort Osage-Modes of transportation-Pack- horses-Wagons-Walker and Cerre; their characters-Buoyant feelings on launching upon the prairies-Wild equipments of the trappers-Their gambols and antics-Difference of character between the American and French trappers-Agency of the Kansas-General-Clarke-White Plume, the Kansas chief-Night scene in a trader's camp-Colloquy between- White Plume and the captain-Bee-hunters-Their expeditions-Their feuds with the Indians-Bargaining talent of White Plume

3. -- Wide prairies Vegetable productions Tabular hills-Slabs of sandstone Nebraska or Platte River-Scanty fare-Buffalo skulls-Wagons turned into boats-Herds of buffalo-Cliffs resembling castles-The chimney-Scott's Bluffs Story connected with them-The bighorn or ahsahta-Its nature and habits-Difference between that and the "woolly sheep," or goat of the mountains

4. -- An alarm-Crow-Indians-Their appearance-Mode of approach -Their vengeful errand-Their curiosity-Hostility between the Crows and Blackfeet-Loving conduct of the Crows- Laramie's Fork-First navigation of the-Nebraska-Great elevation of the country-Rarity of the atmosphere-Its effect on the wood-work of wagons-Black Hills-Their wild and broken scenery-Indian dogs-Crow trophies-Sterile and dreary country-Banks of the Sweet Water-Buffalo hunting- Adventure of Tom Cain the Irish cook

5. -- Magnificent scenery-Wind River-Mountains-Treasury of waters-A stray horse-An Indian trail-Trout streams-The Great Green River Valley-An alarm-A band of trappers- Fontenelle, his information-Sufferings of thirst- Encampment on the Seedskedee-Strategy of rival traders- Fortification of the camp-The-Blackfeet-Banditti of the mountains-Their character and habits

6. -- Sublette and his band-Robert-Campbell-Mr. Wyeth and a band of "down-easters"-Yankee enterprise-Fitzpatrick-His adventure with the Blackfeet-A rendezvous of mountaineers- The battle of-Pierre's Hole-An Indian ambuscade- Sublette's return

7. -- Retreat of the Blackfeet-Fontenelle's camp in danger- Captain Bonneville and the Blackfeet-Free trappers-Their character, habits, dress, equipments, horses-Game fellows of the mountains-Their visit to the camp-Good fellowship and good cheer-A carouse-A swagger, a brawl, and a reconciliation

8. -- Plans for the winter-Salmon River-Abundance of salmon west of the mountains-New arrangements-Caches-Cerre's detachment-Movements in-Fontenelle's camp-Departure of the-Blackfeet-Their fortunes-Wind-Mountain streams- Buckeye, the Delaware hunter, and the grizzly bear-Bones of murdered travellers-Visit to Pierre's Hole-Traces of the battle-Nez-Perce-Indians-Arrival at-Salmon River

9. -- Horses turned loose-Preparations for winter quarters- Hungry times-Nez-Perces, their honesty, piety, pacific habits, religious ceremonies-Captain Bonneville's conversations with them-Their love of gambling

10.-- Black Feet in the Horse Prairie-Search after the hunters- Difficulties and dangers-A card party in the wilderness- The card party interrupted-"Old Sledge" a losing game- Visitors to the camp-Iroquois hunters-Hanging-eared Indians

11. -- Rival trapping parties-Manoeuvring-A desperate game- Vanderburgh and the Blackfeet-Deserted camp fire-A dark defile-An Indian ambush-A fierce melee-Fatal consequences-Fitzpatrick and Bridger-Trappers precautions -Meeting with the Blackfeet-More fighting-Anecdote of a young-Mexican and an Indian girl.

12. -- A winter camp in the wilderness-Medley of trappers, hunters, and Indians-Scarcity of game-New arrangements in the camp-Detachments sent to a distance-Carelessness of the Indians when encamped-Sickness among the Indians- Excellent character of the Nez-Perces-The Captain's effort as a pacificator-A Nez-Perce's argument in favor of war- Robberies, by the Black feet-Long suffering of the Nez- Perces-A hunter's Elysium among the mountains-More robberies-The Captain preaches up a crusade-The effect upon his hearers.

13. -- Story of Kosato, the Renegade Blackfoot.

14. -- The party enters the mountain gorge-A wild fastness among hills-Mountain mutton-Peace and plenty-The amorous trapper-A piebald wedding-A free trapper's wife-Her gala equipments-Christmas in the wilderness.

15. -- A hunt after hunters-Hungry times-A voracious repast- Wintry weather-Godin's River-Splendid winter scene on the great-Lava Plain of Snake River-Severe travelling and tramping in the snow-Manoeuvres of a solitary Indian horseman-Encampment on Snake River-Banneck Indians-The horse chief-His charmed life.

16. -- Misadventures of Matthieu and his party-Return to the caches at Salmon River-Battle between Nez Perces and Black feet-Heroism of a Nez Perce woman-Enrolled among the braves.

17. -- Opening of the caches-Detachments of Cerre and Hodgkiss Salmon River Mountains-Superstition of an Indian trapper- Godin's River-Preparations for trapping-An alarm-An interruption-A rival band-Phenomena of Snake River Plain Vast clefts and chasms-Ingulfed streams-Sublime scenery-A grand buffalo hunt.

18. -- Meeting with Hodgkiss-Misfortunes of the Nez Perces- Schemes of Kosato, the renegado-His foray into the Horse Prairie-Invasion of Black feet-Blue John and his forlorn hope-Their generous enterprise-Their fate-Consternation and despair of the village-Solemn obsequies-Attempt at Indian trade-Hudson's Bay Company's monopoly-Arrangements for autumn-Breaking up of an encampment.

19. -- Precautions in dangerous defiles-Trappers' mode of defence on a prairie-A mysterious visitor-Arrival in Green River Valley-Adventures of the detachments-The forlorn partisan -His tale of disasters.

20. -- Gathering in Green River valley-Visitings and feastings of leaders-Rough wassailing among the trappers-Wild blades of the mountains-Indian belles-Potency of bright beads and red blankets-Arrival of supplies-Revelry and extravagance -Mad wolves-The lost Indian

21. -- Schemes of Captain Bonneville-The Great Salt Lake Expedition to explore it-Preparations for a journey to the Bighorn

22. -- The Crow country-A Crow paradise Habits of the Crows- Anecdotes of Rose, the renegade white man-His fights with the Blackfeet-His elevation-His death-Arapooish, the Crow chief-His eagle Adventure of Robert Campbell-Honor among Crows

23. -- Departure from-Green River valley-Popo-Agie-Its course- The rivers into which it runs-Scenery of the Bluffs the great Tar Spring-Volcanic tracts in the Crow country- Burning Mountain of Powder River-Sulphur springs-Hidden fires-Colter's Hell-Wind River-Campbell's party- Fitzpatrick and his trappers-Captain Stewart, an amateur traveller-Nathaniel Wyeth-Anecdotes of his expedition to the Far West-Disaster of Campbell's party-A union of bands-The Bad Pass-The rapids-Departure of Fitzpatrick- Embarkation of peltries-Wyeth and his bull boat-Adventures of Captain-Bonneville in the Bighorn Mountains-Adventures in the plain-Traces of Indians-Travelling precautions- Dangers of making a smoke-The rendezvous

24. -- Adventures of the party of ten-The-Balaamite mule-A dead point-The mysterious elks-A night attack-A retreat- Travelling under an alarm-A joyful meeting-Adventures of the other party-A decoy elk-Retreat to an island-A savage dance of triumph-Arrival at Wind River

25. -- Captain Bonneville sets out for Green River valley-Journey up the Popo Agie-Buffaloes-The staring white bears-The smok-The warm springs-Attempt to traverse the Wind River Mountains-The Great Slope Mountain dells and chasms- Crystal lakes-Ascent of a snowy peak-Sublime prospect-A panorama "Les dignes de pitie," or wild men of the mountains

26. -- A retrogade move Channel of a mountain torrent-Alpine scenery-Cascades-Beaver valleys-Beavers at work-Their architecture-Their modes of felling trees-Mode of trapping beaver-Contests of skill-A beaver "up to trap"-Arrival at the Green River caches

27. -- Route toward-Wind River-Dangerous neighborhood-Alarms and precautions-A sham encampment-Apparition of an Indian spy- Midnight move-A mountain defile-The Wind River valley- Tracking a party-Deserted camps-Symptoms of Crows-Meeting of comrades-A trapper entrapped-Crow pleasantry-Crow spies-A decampment-Return to Green River valley-Meeting with Fitzpatrick's party-Their adventures among the Crows- Orthodox Crows

28. -- A region of natural curiosities-The plain of white clay- Hot springs-The Beer Spring-Departure to seek the free trappers-Plain of Portneuf-Lava-Chasms and gullies- Bannack Indians-Their hunt of the buffalo-Hunter's feast- Trencher heroes-Bullying of an absent foe-The damp comrade-The Indian spy-Meeting with Hodgkiss-His adventures-Poordevil Indians-Triumph of the Bannacks- Blackfeet policy in war

29. -- Winter camp at the Portneuf-Fine springs-The Bannack Indians-Their honesty-Captain-Bonneville prepares for an expedition-Christmas-The American-Falls-Wild scenery- Fishing Falls-Snake Indians-Scenery on the Bruneau-View of volcanic country from a mountain-Powder River- Shoshokoes, or Root Diggers-Their character, habits, habitations, dogs-Vanity at its last shift

30. -- Temperature of the climate-Root Diggers on horseback-An Indian guide-Mountain prospects-The Grand Rond- Difficulties on Snake River-A scramble over the Blue Mountains-Sufferings from hunger-Prospect of the Immahah Valley-The exhausted traveller

31. -- Progress in the valley-An Indian cavalier-The captain falls into a lethargy-A Nez-Perce patriarch-Hospitable treatment-The bald head-Bargaining-Value of an old plaid cloak-The family horse-The cost of an Indian present

32. -- Nez-Perce camp-A chief with a hard name-The Big Hearts of the East-Hospitable treatment-The Indian guides- Mysterious councils-The loquacious chief-Indian tomb- Grand Indian reception-An Indian feast-Town-criers- Honesty of the Nez-Perces-The captain's attempt at healing.

33. -- Scenery of the Way-lee-way-A substitute for tobacco- Sublime scenery of-Snake River-The garrulous old chief and his cousin-A Nez-Perce meeting-A stolen skin-The scapegoat dog-Mysterious conferences-The little chief-His hospitality-The captain's account of the United States-His healing skill

34. -- Fort Wallah-Wallah-Its commander-Indians in its neighborhood-Exertions of Mr. Pambrune for their improvement-Religion-Code of laws-Range of the Lower Nez Perces-Camash, and other roots-Nez-Perce horses- Preparations for departure-Refusal of supplies-Departure- A laggard and glutton

35. -- The uninvited guest-Free and easy manners-Salutary jokes- A prodigal son-Exit of the glutton-A sudden change in fortune-Danger of a visit to poor relations-Plucking of a prosperous man-A vagabond toilet-A substitute for the very fine horse-Hard travelling-The uninvited guest and the patriarchal colt-A beggar on horseback-A catastrophe-Exit of the merry vagabond

36. -- The difficult mountain-A smoke and consultation-The captain's speech-An icy turnpike-Danger of a false step- Arrival on Snake River-Return to-Portneuf-Meeting of comrades

37. -- Departure for the rendezvous-A war party of Blackfeet-A mock bustle-Sham fires at night-Warlike precautions- Dangers of a night attack-A panic among horses-Cautious march-The Beer Springs-A mock carousel-Skirmishing with buffaloes-A buffalo bait-Arrival at the rendezvous- Meeting of various bands

38. -- Plan of the Salt Lake expedition-Great sandy deserts- Sufferings from thirst-Ogden's-River-Trails and smoke of lurking savages-Thefts at night-A trapper's revenge- Alarms of a guilty conscience-A murderous victory- Californian mountains-Plains along the-Pacific-Arrival at-Monterey-Account of the place and neighborhood-Lower- California-Its extent-The Peninsula-Soil-Climate- Production-Its settlements by the Jesuits-Their sway over the Indians-Their expulsion-Ruins of a missionary establishment-Sublime scenery-Upper California Missions- Their power and policy-Resources of the country-Designs of foreign nations

39. -- Gay life at Monterey-Mexican horsemen-A bold dragoon-Use of the lasso-Vaqueros-Noosing a bear-Fight between a bull and a bear-Departure from Monterey-Indian horse stealers- Outrages committed by the travellers-Indignation of Captain Bonneville

40. -- Traveller's tales-Indian lurkers-Prognostics of Buckeye Signs and portents-The medicine wolf-An alarm-An ambush The captured provant-Triumph of Buckeye-Arrival of supplies Grand carouse-Arrangements for the year-Mr. Wyeth and his new-levied band.

41. -- A voyage in a bull boat.

42. -- Departure of Captain Bonneville for the Columbia-Advance of Wyeth-Efforts to keep the lead-Hudson's Bay party-A junketing-A delectable beverage-Honey and alcohol-High carousing-The Canadian "bon vivant"-A cache-A rapid move Wyeth and his plans-His travelling companions-Buffalo hunting More conviviality-An interruption.

43. -- A rapid march-A cloud of dust-Wild horsemen-"High Jinks" Horseracing and rifle-shooting-The game of hand-The fishing season-Mode of fishing-Table lands-Salmon fishers-The captain's visit to an Indian lodge-The Indian girl-The pocket mirror-Supper-Troubles of an evil conscience.

44. -- Outfit of a trapper-Risks to which he is subjected- Partnership of trappers-Enmity of Indians-Distant smoke-A country on fire-Gun Greek-Grand Rond-Fine pastures- Perplexities in a smoky country-Conflagration of forests.

45. -- The Shynses-Their traffic-Hunting-Food-Horses-A horse- race-Devotional feeling of the Skynses, Nez Perces and Flatheads-Prayers-Exhortations-A preacher on horseback Effect of religion on the manners of the tribes-A new light.

46. -- Scarcity in the camp-Refusal of supplies by the Hudson's Bay Company-Conduct of the Indians-A hungry retreat-John Day's River-The Blue Mountains-Salmon fishing on Snake River Messengers from the Crow country-Bear River Valley- immense migration of buffalo-Danger of buffalo hunting-A wounded Indian-Eutaw Indians-A "surround" of antelopes.

47. -- A festive winter-Conversion of the Shoshonies-Visit of two free trappers-Gayety in the camp-A touch of the tender passion-The reclaimed squaw-An Indian fine lady-An elopement-A pursuit-Market value of a bad wife.

48. -- Breaking up of winter quarters-Move to Green River-A trapper and his rifle-An arrival in camp-A free trapper and his squaw in distress-Story of a Blackfoot belle.

49. -- Rendezvous at Wind River-Campaign of Montero and his brigade in the Crow country-Wars between the Crows and Blackfeet-Death-of Arapooish-Blackfeet lurkers-Sagacity of the horse-Dependence of the hunter on his horse-Return to the settlements.

Appendix

Wreck of a Japanese Junk on the Northwest Coast

Instructions to Captain Bonneville

OLD CHRISTMAS

By Washington Irving

CONTENTS

Christmas

The Stage-coach

Christmas Eve

Christmas Day

The Christmas Dinner

Notes

THE SKETCH BOOK
of
GEOFFREY CRAYON, GENT.

By Washington Irving

CONTENTS

THE SKETCH-BOOK OF GEOFFREY CRAYON, GENT.

PREFACE TO THE REVISED EDITION.

THE SKETCH BOOK.

THE AUTHOR’S ACCOUNT OF HIMSELF

THE VOYAGE.

ROSCOE.

THE WIFE.

RIP VAN WINKLE.

ENGLISH WRITERS ON AMERICA.

RURAL LIFE IN ENGLAND.

THE BROKEN HEART.

THE ART OF BOOK-MAKING.

A ROYAL POET.

THE COUNTRY CHURCH.

THE WIDOW AND HER SON.

A SUNDAY IN LONDON.*

THE BOAR’S HEAD TAVERN, EASTCHEAP.

THE MUTABILITY OF LITERATURE.

RURAL FUNERALS.

THE INN KITCHEN.

THE SPECTRE BRIDEGROOM.

WESTMINSTER ABBEY.

CHRISTMAS.

THE STAGE-COACH.

CHRISTMAS EVE.

CHRISTMAS DAY.

THE CHRISTMAS DINNER.

LONDON ANTIQUES.

LITTLE BRITAIN.

STRATFORD-ON-AVON.

TRAITS OF INDIAN CHARACTER.

PHILIP OF POKANOKET.

JOHN BULL.

THE PRIDE OF THE VILLAGE.

THE ANGLER.

THE LEGEND OF SLEEPY HOLLOW.

L’ENVOY.*

THE CRAYON PAPERS

By Geoffrey Crayon

CONTENTS

MOUNTJOY, OR SOME PASSAGES OUT OF THE LIFE OF A CASTLE-BUILDER

THE GREAT MISSISSIPPI BUBBLE

DON JUAN

BROEK

SKETCHES IN PARIS IN 1825

ENGLISH AND FRENCH CHARACTER

THE TUILERIES AND WINDSOR CASTLE

THE FIELD OF WATERLOO

PARIS AT THE RESTORATION

AMERICAN RESEARCHES IN ITALY

THE TAKING OF THE VEIL

THE CHARMING LETORIÈRES

THE EARLY EXPERIENCES OF RALPH RINGWOOD

THE SEMINOLES

ORIGIN OF THE WHITE, THE RED, AND THE BLACK MEN

THE CONSPIRACY OF NEAMATHLA

LETTER FROM GRANADA

ABDERAHMAN

THE WIDOW’S ORDEAL

THE CREOLE VILLAGE

A CONTENTED MAN

CHRONICLE OF THE CONQUEST OF GRANADA

By Washington Irving

CONTENTS

EXPANDED CONTENTS.

INTRODUCTION.

NOTE TO THE REVISED EDITION.

A CHRONICLE OF THE CONQUEST OF GRANADA.

CHAPTER I. -- Of the Kingdom of Granada, and the Tribute which it Paid to the Castilian Crown.

CHAPTER II. -- Of the Embassy of Don Juan de Vera to Demand Arrears of Tribute from the Moorish Monarch.

CHAPTER III. -- Domestic Feuds in the Alhambra—Rival Sultanas—Predictions concerning Boabdil, the Heir to the Throne—How Ferdinand Meditates War against Granada, and how he is Anticipated.

CHAPTER IV. -- Expedition of the Muley Abul Hassan against the Fortress of Zahara.

CHAPTER V. -- Expedition of the Marques of Cadiz against Alhama.

CHAPTER VI. -- How the People of Granada were Affected on Hearing of the Capture of the Alhama; and how the Moorish King sallied forth to Regain it.

CHAPTER VII. -- How the Duke of Medina Sidonia and the Chivalry of Andalusia Hastened to the Relief of Alhama.

CHAPTER VIII. -- Sequel of the Events at Alhama.

CHAPTER IX. -- Events at Granada, and Rise of the Moorish King, Boabdil el Chico.

CHAPTER X. -- Royal Expedition against Loxa.

CHAPTER XI. -- How Muley Abul Hassan made a Foray into the Lands of Medina Sidonia, and how he was Received.

CHAPTER XII. -- Foray of Spanish Cavaliers among the Mountains of Malaga.

CHAPTER XIII. -- Effects of the Disasters among the Mountains of Malaga.

CHAPTER XIV. -- How King Boabdil el Chico Marched over the Border.

CHAPTER XV. -- How the Count de Cabra sallied forth from his Castle in Quest of King Boabdil.

CHAPTER XVI. -- The Battle of Lucena.

CHAPTER XVII. -- Lamentations of the Moors for the Battle of Lucena.

CHAPTER XVIII. -- How Muley Abul Hassan Profited by the Misfortunes of his Son Boabdil.

CHAPTER XIX. -- Captivity of Boabdil el Chico.

CHAPTER XX. -- Of the Treatment of Boabdil by the Castilian Sovereigns.

CHAPTER XXI. -- Return of Boabdil from Captivity.

CHAPTER XXII. -- Foray of the Moorish Alcaydes, and Battle of Lopera.

CHAPTER XXIII. -- Retreat of Hamet el Zegri, Alcayde of Ronda.

CHAPTER XXIV. -- Of the reception at Court of the Count de Cabra and the Alcayde de los Donceles.

CHAPTER XXV. -- How the Marques of Cadiz concerted to Surprise Zahara, and the Result of his Enterprise.

CHAPTER XXVI. -- Of the Fortress of Alhama, and how Wisely it was Governed by the Count de Tendilla.

CHAPTER XXVII.-- Foray of Christian Knights into the Territory of the Moors.

CHAPTER XXVIII.-- Attempt of El Zagal to Surprise Boabdil in Almeria.

CHAPTER XXIX. -- How King Ferdinand Commenced another Campaign against the Moors, and how he Laid Siege to Coin and Cartama.

CHAPTER XXX. -- Siege of Ronda.

CHAPTER XXXI. -- How the People of Granada invited El Zagal to the Throne, and how he Marched to the Capital.

CHAPTER XXXII. -- How the Count de Cabra attempted to Capture another King, and how he Fared in his Attempt.

CHAPTER XXXIII. -- Expedition against the Castles of Cambil and Albahar.

CHAPTER XXXIV. -- Enterprise of the Knights of Calatrava against Zalea.

CHAPTER XXXV. -- Death of Muley Abul Hassan.

CHAPTER XXXVI. -- Of the Christian Army which Assembled at the City of Cordova.

CHAPTER XXXVII. -- How Fresh Commotions broke out in Granada, and how the People undertook to Allay them.

CHAPTER XXXVIII. -- How King Ferdinand held a Council of War at the Rock of the Lovers.

CHAPTER XXXIX. -- XXXIX......How the Royal Army appeared Before the City of Loxa, and how it was Received; and of the Doughty Achievements of the English Earl.

CHAPTER XL. -- Conclusion of the Siege of Loxa.

CHAPTER XLI. -- Capture of Illora.

CHAPTER XLII. -- Of the Arrival of Queen Isabella at the Camp before Moclin; and of the Pleasant Sayings of the English Earl.

CHAPTER XLIII. -- How King Ferdinand Attacked Moclin, and of the Strange Events that attended its Capture.

CHAPTER XLIV. -- How King Ferdinand Foraged the Vega; and of the Battle of the Bridge of Pinos, and the Fate of the two Moorish Brothers.

CHAPTER XLV. -- Attempt of El Zagal upon the Life of Boabdil, and how the Latter was Roused to Action.

CHAPTER XLVI. -- How Boabdil returned Secretly to Granada, and how he was Received.—Second Embassy of Don Juan de Vera, and his Perils in the Alhambra.

CHAPTER XLVII. -- How King Ferdinand laid Siege to Velez Malaga.

CHAPTER XLVIII. -- How King Ferdinand and his Army were Exposed to Imminent Peril before Velez Malaga.

CHAPTER XLIX. -- Result of the Stratagem of El Zagal to Surprise King Ferdinand.

CHAPTER L. -- How the People of Granada Rewarded the Valor of El Zagal.

CHAPTER LI. -- Surrender of the Velez Malaga and Other Places.

CHAPTER LII. -- Of the City of Malaga and its Inhabitants.—Mission of Hernando del Pulgar.

CHAPTER LIII. -- Advance of King Ferdinand against Malaga.

CHAPTER LIV. -- Siege of Malaga.

CHAPTER LV. -- Siege of Malaga continued.—Obstinacy of Hamet el Zegri.

CHAPTER LVI. -- Attack of the Marques of Cadiz upon Gibralfaro.

CHAPTER LVII. -- Siege of Malaga continued.—Stratagems of Various Kinds.

CHAPTER LVIII. -- Sufferings of the People of Malaga.

CHAPTER LIX. -- How a Moorish Santon Undertook to Deliver the City of Malaga from the Power of its Enemies.

CHAPTER LX. -- How Hamet el Zegri was Hardened in his Obstinacy by the Arts of a Moorish Astrologer.

CHAPTER LXI. -- Siege of Malaga continued.—Destruction of a Tower by Francisco Ramirez de Madrid.

CHAPTER LXII. -- How the People of Malaga expostulated with Hamet el Zegri.

CHAPTER LXIII. -- How Hamet el Zegri Sallied forth with the Sacred Banner to Attack the Christian Camp.

CHAPTER LXIV. -- How the City of Malaga Capitulated.

CHAPTER LXV. -- Fulfilment of the Prophecy of the Dervise.—Fate of Hamet el Zegri.

CHAPTER LXVI. -- How the Castilian Sovereigns took Possession of the City of Malaga, and how King Ferdinand signalized himself by his Skill in Bargaining with the Inhabitants for their Ransom.

CHAPTER LXVII. -- How King Ferdinand prepared to Carry the War into a Different Part of the Territories of the Moors.

CHAPTER LXVIII. -- How King Ferdinand Invaded the Eastern Side of the Kingdom of Granada, and how He was Received by El Zagal.

CHAPTER LXIX. -- How the Moors made Various Enterprises against the Christians.

CHAPTER LXX. -- How King Ferdinand prepared to Besiege the City of Baza, and how the City prepared for Defence.

CHAPTER LXXI. -- The Battle of the Gardens before Baza.

CHAPTER LXXII. -- Siege of Baza.—Embarrassments of the Army.

CHAPTER LXXIII. -- Siege of Baza continued.—How King Ferdinand completely Invested the City.

CHAPTER LXXIV. -- Exploit of Hernan Perez del Pulgar and Other Cavaliers.

CHAPTER LXXV. -- Continuation of the Siege of Baza.

CHAPTER LXXVI. -- How Two Friars from the Holy Land arrived at the Camp.

CHAPTER LXXVII. -- How Queen Isabella devised Means to Supply the Army with Provisions.

CHAPTER LXXVIII. -- Of the Disasters which Befell the Camp.

CHAPTER LXXIX. -- Encounters between the Christians and Moors before Baza, and the Devotion of the Inhabitants to the Defence of their City.

CHAPTER LXXX. -- How Queen Isabella arrived at the Camp, and the Consequences of her Arrival.

CHAPTER LXXXI. -- Surrender of Baza.

CHAPTER LXXXII. -- Submission of El Zagal to the Castilian Sovereigns.

CHAPTER LXXXIII. -- Events at Granada subsequent to the Submission of El Zagal.

CHAPTER LXXXIV. -- How King Ferdinand turned his Hostilities against the City of Granada.

CHAPTER LXXXV. -- The Fate of the Castle of Roma.

CHAPTER LXXXVI. -- How Boabdil el Chico took the Field, and his Expedition against Alhendin.

CHAPTER LXXXVII. -- Exploit of the Count de Tendilla.

CHAPTER LXXXVIII. -- Expedition of Boabdil el Chico against Salobrena.—Exploit of Hernan Perez del Pulgar.

CHAPTER LXXXIX. -- How King Ferdinand Treated the People of Guadix, and how El Zagal Finished his Regal Career.

CHAPTER XC. -- Preparations of Granada for a Desperate Defence.

CHAPTER XCI. -- How King Ferdinand conducted the Siege cautiously, and how Queen Isabella arrived at the Camp.

CHAPTER XCII. -- Of the Insolent Defiance of Tarfe the Moor, and the Daring Exploit of Hernan Perez del Pulgar.

CHAPTER XCIII. -- How Queen Isabella took a View of the City of Granada, and how her Curiosity cost the Lives of many Christians and Moors.

CHAPTER XCIV. -- The Last Ravage before Granada.

CHAPTER XCV. -- Conflagration of the Christian Camp.—Building of Santa Fe.

CHAPTER XCVI. -- Famine and Discord in the City.

CHAPTER XCVII. -- Capitulation of Granada.

CHAPTER XCVIII. -- Commotions in Granada.

CHAPTER XCIX. -- Surrender of Granada.

CHAPTER C. -- How the Castilian Sovereigns took Possession of Granada.

-- APPENDIX.

LIFE OF WASHINGTON;

CONDENSED FROM THE LARGER WORK OF WASHINGTON IRVING.

FOR YOUNG PERSONS AND FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS.

1876.

CONTENTS.

I. | Birth of Washington.—His Boyhood.
II. | Washington's Youth.—First Surveying Expedition.
III. | Rival Claims of the English and the French.—Preparations for Hostilities.
IV. | Washington's Mission to the French Commander.
V. | Military Expedition to the Frontier.
VI. | Misfortunes.—Capitulation of Fort Necessity.
VII. | A Campaign under General Braddock.
VIII. | Braddock's Advance.—His Defeat.
IX. | Washington in Command.—Panics on the Frontier.
X. | Frontier Service.
XI. | Operations against the French.—Washington's Marriage.
XII. | Campaigns in the North.—Washington at Mount Vernon.
XIII. | Colonial Discontents.
XIV. | Expedition to the Ohio.—Tea Tax.
XV. | The First General Congress.
XVI. | Military Measures.—Affairs at Lexington.
XVII. | Capture of Ticonderoga and Crown Point.—Washington appointed Commander-in-Chief.
XVIII. | Battle of Bunker Hill.
XIX. | Washington on his Way to the Camp.
XX. | Siege of Boston.
XXI. | Projects for the Invasion of Canada.
XXII. | War along the Coast.—Progress of the Siege.
XXIII. | Affairs in Canada.
XXIV. | Incidents of the Camp.—Arnold before Quebec.
XXV. | Washington's Perplexities.—New York in Danger.
XXVI. | Attack on Quebec.—Affairs in New York.
XXVII. | Movements before Boston.—Its Evacuation.
XXVIII. | Reverses in Canada.—The Highlands.—Close of the Invasion of Canada.
XXIX. | The Army in New York.
XXX. | Proceedings of Lord Howe.—Gates and Schuyler.
XXXI. | The War in the South.—Affairs in the Highlands.
XXXII. | Battle of Long Island.—Retreat.
XXXIII. | Retreat from New York Island.
XXXIV. | Retreat through Westchester County.—Battle of White Plains.
XXXV. | Washington at Peekskill.—The Northern Army.
XXXVI. | Capture of Fort Washington and Garrison.—Retreat through New Jersey.
XXXVII. | Retreat across the Delaware.—Battle of Trenton.
XXXVIII. | Washington recrosses the Delaware.—Battle of Princeton.
XXXIX. | The Army at Morristown.—Attack on Peekskill.
XL. | The Northern Army.—British Expedition to Connecticut.
XLI. | The Highlands.—Movements of the Army.
XLII. | Invasion from Canada.
XLIII. | Exploits and Movements.—Howe in the Chesapeake.
XLIV. | Advance of Burgoyne.—Battle of Oriskany.—Battle of Bennington.
XLV. | Battle of the Brandywine.—Fall of Philadelphia.
XLVI. | The Northern Invasion.—Fall of the Highland Forts.—Defeat and Surrender of Burgoyne.
XLVII. | Battle of Germantown.—Hostilities on the Delaware.
XLVIII. | The Army on the Schuylkill.—At Valley Forge.—The Conway Cabal.
XLIX. | Exploits of Lee and Lafayette.—British Commissioners.
L. | Evacuation of Philadelphia.—Battle of Monmouth Court House.
LI. | Arrival of a French Fleet.—Massacre at Wyoming Valley.—Capture of Savannah.
LII. | Washington in Philadelphia.—Indian Warfare.—Capture of Stony Point.—Ravages in Connecticut.—Repulse at Savannah.
LIII. | Army at Morristown.—Arnold in Philadelphia.—Charleston Besieged.
LIV. | Discontents in the Army.—Fall of Charleston.
LV. | Marauds in the Jerseys.—The French Fleet at Newport.
LVI. | Battle of Camden.
LVII. | The Treason of Arnold.—Trial and Execution of André.
LVIII. | Plan to entrap Arnold.—Projects against New York.
LIX. | The War in the South.—Battle of King's Mountain.
LX. | Hostilities in the South.—Mutiny.
LXI. | Battle of the Cowpens.—Battle of Guilford Court-house.
LXII. | The War in Virginia.—Demonstrations against New York.
LXIII. | Ravages in Virginia.—Operations in Carolina.—Attack on New London.
LXIV. | Operations before Yorktown.—Greene in the South.
LXV. | Siege and Surrender of Yorktown.
LXVI. | Dissolution of the Combined Armies.—Discontents in the Army.
LXVII. | News of Peace.—Washington's Farewell to the Army, and Resignation of his Commission.
LXVIII. | Washington at Mount Vernon.
LXIX. | The Constitutional Convention.—Washington elected President.
LXX. | Organization of the New Government.
LXXI. | Financial Difficulties.—Party Jealousies.—Operations against the Indians.
LXXII. | Tour Southward.—Defeat of St. Clair.—Dissensions in the Cabinet.
LXXIII. | Washington's Second Term.—Difficulties with the French Ambassador.
LXXIV. | Neutrality.—Whiskey Insurrection.—Wayne's Success against the Indians.
LXXV. | Jay's Treaty.—Party Claims.—Difficulties with France.—Farewell Address.
LXXVI. | Washington's Retirement and Death.

ABBOTSFORD AND NEWSTEAD ABBEY

By Washington Irving

CONTENTS

ARRIVAL AT THE ABBEY.

THE ABBEY GARDEN.

PLOUGH MONDAY.

OLD SERVANTS.

SUPERSTITIONS OF THE ABBEY.

ANNESLEY HALL.

THE LAKE.

ROBIN HOOD AND SHERWOOD FOREST.

THE ROOK CELL.

THE LITTLE WHITE LADY.

OLIVER GOLDSMITH

A Biography

By Washington Irving

CONTENTS

PREFACE

CHAPTER ONE -- I. Birth and Parentage—Characteristics of the Goldsmith Race—Poetical Birthplace—Goblin House—Scenes of Boyhood—Lissoy—Picture of a Country Parson—Goldsmith’s Schoolmistress—Byrne, the Village Schoolmaster— Goldsmith’s Hornpipe and Epigram—Uncle Contarine—School Studies and School Sports—Mistakes of a Night

CHAPTER TWO -- II. Improvident Marriages in the Goldsmith Family—Goldsmith at the University—Situation of a Sizer—Tyranny of Wilder, the Tutor—Pecuniary Straits—Street Ballads—College Riot—Gallows Walsh—College Prize—A Dance Interrupted

CHAPTER THREE -- III. Goldsmith rejected by the Bishop—Second Sally to see the World—Takes Passage for America—Ship sails without him—Return on Fiddleback—A Hospitable Friend—The Counselor

CHAPTER FOUR -- IV. Sallies forth as a Law Student—Stumbles at the Outset—Cousin Jane and the Valentine—A Family Oracle—Sallies forth as a Student of Medicine—Hocus-pocus of a Boarding-house—Transformations of a Leg of Mutton—The Mock Ghost—Sketches of Scotland—Trials of Toryism—A Poet’s Purse for a Continental Tour

CHAPTER FIVE -- V. The agreeable Fellow-passengers—Risks from Friends picked up by the Wayside—Sketches of Holland and the Dutch—Shifts while a Poor Student at Leyden—The Tulip Speculation—The Provident Flute—Sojourn at Paris— Sketch of Voltaire—Traveling Shifts of a Philosophic Vagabond

CHAPTER SIX -- VI. Landing In England—Shifts of a Man without Money—The Pestle and Mortar—Theatricals in a Barn—Launch upon London—A City Night Scene—Struggles with Penury—Miseries of a Tutor—A Doctor in the Suburb—Poor Practice and Second-hand Finery—A Tragedy in Embryo—Project of the Written Mountains

CHAPTER SEVEN -- VII. Life as a Pedagogue—Kindness to Schoolboys—Pertness In Return—Expensive Charities—The Griffiths and the “Monthly Review”—Toils of a Literary Hack—Rupture with the Griffiths

CHAPTER EIGHT -- VIII. Newbery, of Picture-book Memory—How to keep up Appearances—Miseries of Authorship—A Poor Relation—Letter to Hodson

CHAPTER NINE -- IX. Hackney Authorship—Thoughts of Literary Suicide—Return to Peckham— Oriental Projects—Literary Enterprise to raise Funds—Letter to Edward Wells—To Robert Bryanton—Death of Uncle Contarine—Letter to Cousin Jane

CHAPTER TEN -- X. Oriental Appointment, and Disappointment—Examination at the College of Surgeons—How to procure a Suit of Clothes—Fresh Disappointment—A Tale of Distress—The Suit of Clothes in Pawn—Punishment for doing an act of Charity—Gayeties of Green-Arbor Court—Letter to his Brother—Life of Voltaire—Scroggins, an attempt at Hock Heroic Poetry

CHAPTER ELEVEN -- XI. Publication of “The Inquiry”—Attacked by Griffith’s “Review”—Kenrick, the Literary Ishmaelite—Periodical Literature—Goldsmith’s Essays—Garrick as a Manager—Smollett and his Schemes—Change of Lodgings—The Robin Hood Club

CHAPTER TWELVE -- XII. New Lodgings—Visits of Ceremony—Hangers-on—Pilkington and the White Mouse—Introduction to Dr. Johnson—Davies and his Bookshop—Pretty Mrs. Davies—Foote and his Projects—Criticism of the Cudgel

CHAPTER THIRTEEN -- XIII. Oriental Projects—Literary Jobs—The Cherokee Chiefs—Merry Islington and the White Conduit House—Letters on the History of England—James Boswell—Dinner of Davies—Anecdotes of Johnson and Goldsmith

CHAPTER FOURTEEN -- XIV. Hogarth a Visitor at Islington—His Character—Street Studies—Sympathies between Authors and Painters—Sir Joshua Reynolds—His Character—His Dinners—The Literary Club—Its Members—Johnson’s Revels with Lanky and Beau—Goldsmith at the Club

CHAPTER -- XV. Johnson a Monitor to Goldsmith—Finds him in Distress with his Landlady—Relieved by the Vicar of Wakefield—The Oratorio—Poem of The Traveler—The Poet and his Dog—Success of the Poem—Astonishment of the Club—Observations on the PoemFIFTEEN

CHAPTER SIXTEEN -- XVI. New Lodgings—Johnson’s Compliment—A Titled Patron—The Poet at Northumberland House—His Independence of the Great—The Countess of Northumberland—Edwin and Angelina—Gosford and Lord Clare—Publication of Essays—Evils of a rising Reputation—Hangers-on—Job Writing—Goody Two-shoes—A Medical Campaign—Mrs. Sidebotham

CHAPTER SEVENTEEN -- XVII. Publication of the Vicar of Wakefield—Opinions concerning it—Of Dr. Johnson—Of Rogers the Poet—Of Goethe—Its Merits—Exquisite Extract—Attack by Kenrick—Reply—Book-building—Project of a Comedy

CHAPTER EIGHTEEN -- XVIII. Social Condition of Goldsmith—His Colloquial Contests with Johnson—Anecdotes and Illustrations

CHAPTER NINETEEN -- XIX. Social Resorts—The Shilling Whist Club—A Practical Joke—The Wednesday Club—The “Ton of Man”—The Pig Butcher—Tom King—Hugh Kelly—Glover and his Characteristics

CHAPTER TWENTY -- XX. The Great Cham of Literature and the King—Scene at Sir Joshua Reynolds’s—Goldsmith accused of Jealousy—Negotiations with Garrick—The Author and the Actor—Their Correspondence

CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE -- XXI. More Hack Authorship—Tom Davies and the Roman History—Canonbury Castle—Political Authorship—Pecuniary Temptation—Death of Newbery the elder

CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO -- XXII. Theatrical Maneuvering—The Comedy of False Delicacy—First Performance of The Good-Natured Man—Conduct of Johnson—Conduct of the Author—Intermeddling of the Press

CHAPTER TWENTY-THREE -- XXIII. Burning the Candle at both Ends—Fine Apartments—Fine Furniture—Fine Clothes—Fine Acquaintances—Shoemaker’s Holiday and Jolly Pigeon Associates—Peter Barlow, Glover, and the Hampstead Hoax—Poor Friends among Great Acquaintances

CHAPTER TWENTY-FOUR -- XXIV. Reduced again to Book-building—Rural Retreat at Shoemaker’s Paradise—Death of Henry Goldsmith—Tributes to his memory in The Deserted Village

CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE -- XXV. Dinner at Bickerstaff’s—Hiffernan and his Impecuniosity—Kenrick’s Epigram—Johnson’s Consolation—Goldsmith’s Toilet—The bloom-colored Coat—New Acquaintances—The Hornecks—A touch of Poetry and Passion—The Jessamy Bride

CHAPTER TWENTY-SIX -- XXVI. Goldsmith in the Temple—Judge Day and Grattan—Labor and Dissipation—Publication of the Roman History—Opinions of it—History of Animated Nature—Temple Rooker—Anecdotes of a Spider

CHAPTER TWENTY-SEVEN -- XXVII. Honors at the Royal Academy—Letter to his brother Maurice—Family Fortunes—Jane Contarine and the Miniature—Portraits and Engravings—School Associations—Johnson and Goldsmith in Westminster Abbey

CHAPTER TWENTY-EIGHT -- XXVIII. Publication of the Deserted Village—Notices and Illustrations of it

CHAPTER TWENTY-NINE -- XXIX. The Poet among the Ladies—Description of his Person and Manners— Expedition to Paris with the Horneck Family—The Traveler of Twenty and the Traveler of Forty—Hickey, the Special Attorney—An Unlucky Exploit

CHAPTER THIRTY -- XXX. Death of Goldsmith’s Mother—Biography of Parnell—Agreement with Davies for the History of Rome—Life of Bolingbroke—The Haunch of Venison

CHAPTER THIRTY-ONE -- XXXI. Dinner at the Royal Academy—The Rowley Controversy—Horace Walpole’s Conduct to Chatterton—Johnson at Redcliffe Church—Goldsmith’s History of England—Davies’s Criticism—Letter to Bennet Langton

CHAPTER THIRTY-TWO -- XXXII. Marriage of Little Comedy—Goldsmith at Barton—Practical Jokes at the Expense of his Toilet—Amusements at Barton—Aquatic Misadventure

CHAPTER THIRTY-THREE -- XXXIII. Dinner at General Oglethorpe’s—Anecdotes of the General—Dispute about Dueling—Ghost Stories

CHAPTER THIRTY-FOUR -- XXXIV. Mr. Joseph Cradock—An Author’s Confidings—An Amanuensis—Life at Edgeware—Goldsmith Conjuring—George Colman—The Fantoccini

CHAPTER THIRTY-FIVE -- XXXV. Broken Health—Dissipation and Debts—The Irish Widow—Practical Jokes—Scrub—A Misquoted Pun—Malagrida—Goldsmith proved to be a Fool—Distressed Ballad-Singers—The Poet at Ranelagh

CHAPTER THIRTY-SIX -- XXXVI. Invitation to Christmas—The Spring-velvet Coat—The Haymaking Wig —The Mischances of Loo—The fair Culprit—A dance with the Jessamy Bride

CHAPTER THIRTY-SEVEN -- XXXVII. Theatrical delays—Negotiations with Colman—Letter to Garrick—Croaking of the Manager—Naming of the Play—She Stoops to Conquer—Foote’s Primitive Puppet Show, Piety on Pattens—First Performance of the Comedy—Agitation of the Author—Success—Colman Squibbed out of Town

CHAPTER THIRTY-EIGHT -- XXXVIII. A Newspaper Attack—The Evans Affray—Johnson’s Comment

CHAPTER THIRTY-NINE -- XXXIX. Boswell in Holy-Week—Dinner at Oglethorpe’s—Dinner at Paoli’s—The policy of Truth—Goldsmith affects Independence of Royalty—Paoli’s Compliment—Johnson’s Eulogium on the Fiddle—Question about Suicide—Boswell’s Subserviency

CHAPTER FORTY -- XL. Changes in the Literary Club—Johnson’s objection to Garrick—Election of Boswell

CHAPTER FORTY-ONE -- XLI. Dinner at Dilly’s—Conversations on Natural History—Intermeddling of Boswell—Dispute about Toleration—Johnson’s Rebuff to Goldsmith—His Apology—Man-worship—Doctors Major and Minor—A Farewell Visit

CHAPTER FORTY-TWO -- XLII. Project of a Dictionary of Arts and Sciences—Disappointment—Negligent Authorship—Application for a Pension—Beattie’s Essay on Truth—Public Adulation—A high-minded Rebuke

CHAPTER FORTY-THREE -- XLIII. Toil without Hope—The Poet in the Green-room—In the Flower Garden—At Vauxhall—Dissipation without Gayety—Cradock in Town—Friendly Sympathy—A Parting Scene—An Invitation to Pleasure

CHAPTER FORTY-FOUR -- XLIV. A return to Drudgery—Forced Gayety—Retreat to the Country—The Poem of Retaliation—Portrait of Garrick—Of Goldsmith—of Reynolds—Illness of the Poet—His Death—Grief of his Friends—A last Word respecting the Jessamy Bride

CHAPTER FORTY-FIVE -- XLV. The Funeral—The Monument—The Epitaph—Concluding Reflections

WOLFERT’S ROOST AND MISCELLANIES

By Washington Irving

CONTENTS

A CHRONICLE OF WOLFERT’S ROOST.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE KNICKERBOCKER.

A CHRONICLE OF WOLFERT’S ROOST.

SLEEPY HOLLOW.

THE BIRDS OF SPRING.

RECOLLECTIONS OF THE ALHAMBRA.

THE ABENCERRAGE.

THE ENCHANTED ISLAND.

THE ADELANTADO OF THE SEVEN CITIES.

NATIONAL NOMENCLATURE.

DESULTORY THOUGHTS ON CRITICISM.

SPANISH ROMANCE.

LEGEND OF DON MUNIO SANCHO DE HINOJOSA.

COMMUNIPAW.

CONSPIRACY OF THE COCKED HATS.

A LEGEND OF COMMUNIPAW.

GUESTS FROM GIBBET-ISLAND.

THE BERMUDAS.

THE THREE KINGS OF BERMUDA.

PELAYO AND THE MERCHANT’S DAUGHTER.

THE KNIGHT OF MALTA.

THE GRAND PRIOR OF MINORCA,

LEGEND OF THE ENGULPHED CONVENT.

THE COUNT VAN HORN.

KNICKERBOCKER'S HISTORY OF NEW YORK

COMPLETE

By Washington Irving

CONTENTS

KNICKERBOCKER'S HISTORY OF NEW YORK—VOLUME I
INTRODUCTION
THE AUTHOR'S APOLOGY
Notices
ACCOUNT OF THE AUTHOR
TO THE PUBLIC

BOOK I -- CONTAINING DIVERS INGENIOUS THEORIES AND PHILOSOPHIC SPECULATIONS, CONCERNING THE CREATION AND POPULATION OF THE WORLD, AS CONNECTED WITH THE HISTORY OF NEW YORK.
CHAPTER I
CHAPTER II
CHAPTER III
CHAPTER IV
CHAPTER V

BOOK II -- TREATING OF THE FIRST SETTLEMENT OF THE PROVINCE OF NIEUW NEDERLANDTS.
CHAPTER I
CHAPTER II
CHAPTER III
CHAPTER IV
CHAPTER V
CHAPTER VI
CHAPTER VII
CHAPTER VIII
CHAPTER IX

BOOK III -- IN WHICH IS RECORDED THE GOLDEN REIGN OF WOUTER VAN TWILLER.
CHAPTER I
CHAPTER II
CHAPTER III
CHAPTER IV
CHAPTER V
CHAPTER VI
CHAPTER VII
CHAPTER VIII
CHAPTER IX

BOOK IV -- CONTAINING THE CHRONICLES OF THE REIGN OF WILLIAM THE TESTY.
CHAPTER I
CHAPTER II
CHAPTER III
CHAPTER IV
CHAPTER V

KNICKERBOCKER'S HISTORY OF NEW YORK—VOLUME II
INTRODUCTION

HISTORY OF NEW YORK—BOOK IV (Cont'd.)
CHAPTER VI
CHAPTER VII
CHAPTER VIII
CHAPTER IX
CHAPTER X
CHAPTER XI
CHAPTER XII

BOOK V -- CONTAINING THE FIRST PART OF THE REIGN OF PETER STUYVESANT, AND HIS TROUBLES WITH THE AMPHICTYONIC COUNCIL.
CHAPTER I
CHAPTER II
CHAPTER III
CHAPTER IV
CHAPTER V
CHAPTER VI
CHAPTER VII
CHAPTER VIII
CHAPTER IX

BOOK VI -- CONTAINING THE SECOND PART OF THE REIGN OF PETER THE HEADSTRONG, AND HIS GALLANT ACHIEVEMENTS ON THE DELAWARE.
CHAPTER I
CHAPTER II
CHAPTER III
CHAPTER IV
CHAPTER V
CHAPTER VI
CHAPTER VII
CHAPTER VIII
CHAPTER IX

BOOK VII -- CONTAINING THE THIRD PART OF THE REIGN OF PETER THE HEADSTRONG-HIS TROUBLES WITH THE BRITISH NATION, AND THE DECLINE AND FALL OF THE DUTCH DYNASTY.
CHAPTER I
CHAPTER II
CHAPTER III
CHAPTER IV
CHAPTER V
CHAPTER VI
CHAPTER VII
CHAPTER VIII
CHAPTER IX
CHAPTER X
CHAPTER XI
CHAPTER XII
CHAPTER XIII

TALES OF A TRAVELLER

By Washington Irving

CONTENTS

TALES OF A TRAVELLER

PART FIRST—STRANGE STORIES BY A NERVOUS GENTLEMAN.

A HUNTING DINNER.

THE ADVENTURE OF MY UNCLE.

THE ADVENTURE OF MY AUNT.

THE BOLD DRAGOON;

THE ADVENTURE OF THE MYSTERIOUS PICTURE.

THE ADVENTURE OF THE MYSTERIOUS STRANGER.

THE STORY OF THE YOUNG ITALIAN.

PART SECOND—BUCKTHORNE AND HIS FRIENDS.

LITERARY LIFE.

A LITERARY DINNER.

THE CLUB OF QUEER FELLOWS.

THE POOR DEVIL AUTHOR.

BUCKTHORNE, OR THE YOUNG MAN OF GREAT EXPECTATIONS.

THE BOOBY SQUIRE.

THE STROLLING MANAGER.

PART THIRD—THE ITALIAN BANDITTI.

THE INN AT TERRACINA.

THE ADVENTURE OF THE LITTLE ANTIQUARY.

THE ADVENTURE OF THE POPKINS FAMILY.

THE PAINTER’S ADVENTURE.

THE STORY OF THE BANDIT CHIEFTAIN.

THE STORY OF THE YOUNG ROBBER.

PART FOURTH—THE MONEY DIGGERS.

HELL GATE.

KIDD THE PIRATE.

THE DEVIL AND TOM WALKER.

WOLFERT WEBBER; OR, GOLDEN DREAMS.

THE ADVENTURE OF SAM, THE BLACK FISHERMAN.

BRACEBRIDGE HALL OR THE HUMORISTS

By Washington Irving

CONTENTS

BRACEBRIDGE HALL; OR, THE HUMOURISTS

THE AUTHOR.

THE HALL.

THE BUSY MAN.

FAMILY SERVANTS.

THE WIDOW.

THE LOVERS.

FAMILY RELIQUES.

AN OLD SOLDIER

THE WIDOW’S RETINUE.

READY-MONEY JACK.

BACHELORS.

WIVES.

STORY TELLING.

THE STOUT GENTLEMAN.

FOREST TREES.

A LITERARY ANTIQUARY.

THE FARM-HOUSE.

HORSEMANSHIP.

LOVE SYMPTOMS.

FALCONRY.

HAWKING.

ST. MARK’S EVE.

GENTILITY.

FORTUNE-TELLING.

LOVE-CHARMS.

THE LIBRARY.

THE STUDENT OF SALAMANCA.

BRACEBRIDGE HALL;

ENGLISH COUNTRY GENTLEMEN.

A BACHELOR’S CONFESSIONS.

ENGLISH GRAVITY.

GIPSIES.

MAY-DAY CUSTOMS.

VILLAGE WORTHIES.

THE SCHOOLMASTER.

THE SCHOOL.

A VILLAGE POLITICIAN.

THE ROOKERY.

MAY-DAY.

THE MANUSCRIPT.

ANNETTE DELARBRE.

TRAVELLING.

POPULAR SUPERSTITIONS.

THE CULPRIT.

FAMILY MISFORTUNES.

LOVERS’ TROUBLES.

THE HISTORIAN.

THE HAUNTED HOUSE.

DOLPH HEYLIGER.

THE STORM-SHIP.

THE WEDDING.

THE AUTHOR’S FAREWELL.

THE ALHAMBRA

By Washington Irving

CONTENTS

| PAGE
The Journey | 1
Palace of the Alhambra | 33
Important Negotiations | 47
Inhabitants of the Alhambra | 54
The Hall of Ambassadors | 58
The Jesuits' Library | 64
Alhamar, the Founder of the Alhambra | 65
Yusef Abul Hagig | 72
The Mysterious Chambers | 76
Panorama from the Tower of Comares | 85
The Truant | 92
The Balcony | 95
The Adventure of the Mason | 101
The Court of Lions | 105
The Abencerrages | 112
Mementos of Boabdil | 124
Public Fêtes of Granada | 129
Local Traditions | 137
The House of the Weathercock | 139
Legend of the Arabian Astrologer | 142
Visitors to the Alhambra | 162
Relics and Genealogies | 167
The Generalife | 170
Legend of Prince Ahmed Al Kamel | 172
A Ramble Among the Hills | 205
Legend of the Moor's Legacy | 214
The Tower of Las Infantas | 236
Legend of the Three Beautiful Princesses | 237
Legend of the Rose of the Alhambra | 262
The Veteran | 279
The Governor and the Notary | 281
Governor Manco and the Soldier | 288
A Fête In the Alhambra | 306
Legend of the Two Discreet Statues | 311
The Crusade of the Grand Master of Alcántara | 330
Spanish Romance | 338
Legend of Don Munio Sancho De Hinojosa | 341
Poets and Poetry of Moslem Andalus | 347
An Expedition In Quest of A Diploma | 355
The Legend of the Enchanted Soldier | 358
The Author's Farewell to Granada | 373

SPANISH PAPERS

By Washington Irving

CONTENTS.

THE LEGEND OF DON RODERICK.

CHAPTER I.
PAGE

Of the Ancient Inhabitants of Spain.- Of the Misrule of Witiza the Wicked.
1

CHAPTER II.

The Rise of Don Roderick.- His Government.
8

CHAPTER III.

Of the Loves of Roderick and the Princess Elyata.
13

CHAPTER IV.

Of Count Julian.
19

CHAPTER V.

The Story of Florinda.
22

CHAPTER VI.

Don Roderick receives an Extraordinary Embassy.
31

CHAPTER VII.

Story of the Marvelous and Portentous Tower.
35

CHAPTER VIII.

Count Julian.- His Fortunes in Africa.- He hears of the Dishonor of his Child.- His Conduct thereupon.
45

CHAPTER IX.

Secret Visit of Count Julian to the Arab Camp.- First Expedition of Taric el Tuerto.
53

CHAPTER X.

Letter of Muza to the Caliph.- Second Expedition of Taric el Tuerto.
58

CHAPTER XI.

Measures of Don Roderick on Hearing of the Invasion.- Expedition of Ataulpho.- Vision of Taric.
64

CHAPTER XII.

Battle of Calpe.- Fate of Ataulpho.
69

CHAPTER XIII.

Terror of the Country.- Roderick rouses himself to Arms.
76

CHAPTER XIV.

March of the Gothic Army.- Encampment on the Banks of the Guadalete.- Mysterious Predictions of a Palmer.-Conduct of Pelistes thereupon.
82

CHAPTER XV.

Skirmishing of the Armies.- Pelistes and his Son.- Pelistes and the Bishop.
88

CHAPTER XVI.

Traitorous Message of Count Julian.
93

CHAPTER XVII.

Last Day of the Battle.
97

CHAPTER XVIII.

The Field of Battle after the Defeat.- The Fate of Roderick.
103

ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE FOREGOING LEGEND.

The Tomb of Roderick.
108

The Cave of Hercules.
109

LEGEND OF THE SUBJUGATION OF SPAIN.

CHAPTER I.

Consternation of Spain.- Conduct of the Conquerors.- Missives between Taric and Muza.
119

CHAPTER II.

Capture of Granada.- Subjugation of the Alpuxarra Mountains.
125

CHAPTER III.

Expedition of Magued against Cordova.- Defense of the Patriot Pelistes.
132

CHAPTER IV.

Defense of the Convent of St. George by Pelistes.
136

CHAPTER V.

Meeting between the Patriot Pelistes and the Traitor Julian.
142

CHAPTER VI.

How Taric el Tuerto captured the City of Toledo through the Aid of the Jews, and how he found the famous Talismanic Table of Solomon.
146

CHAPTER VII.

Muza ben Nosier.- His Entrance into Spain and Capture of Carmona.
153

CHAPTER VIII.

Muza marches against the City of Seville.
158

CHAPTER IX.

Muza besieges the City of Merida.
160

CHAPTER X.

Expedition of Abdalasis against Seville and the "Land of Tadmir."
168

CHAPTER XI.

Muza arrives at Toledo.- Interview between him and Taric.
177

CHAPTER XII.

Muza prosecutes the Scheme of Conquest.- Siege of Saragossa.- Complete Subjugation of Spain.
182

CHAPTER XIII.

Feud between the Arab Generals.- They are summoned to appear before the Caliph at Damascus.- Reception of Taric.
187

CHAPTER XIV.

Muza arrives at Damascus.- His Interview with the Caliph.- The Table of Solomon.- A rigorous Sentence.
193

CHAPTER XV.

Conduct of Abdalasis as Emir of Spain.
198

CHAPTER XVI.

Loves of Abdalasis and Exilona.
203

CHAPTER XVII.

Fate of Abdalasis and Exilona.- Death of Muza.
208

LEGEND OF COUNT JULIAN AND HIS FAMILY.

Legend of Count Julian and his Family.
217

Note to the preceding Legend.
232

THE LEGEND OF PELAYO.

CHAPTER I.

Obscurity of the Ancient Chronicles.- The Loves of Doña Lucia and the Duke Favila.- Birth of Pelayo, and what happened thereupon; His Early Fortunes, and his Tutelage under the veteran Count Grafeses.
237

CHAPTER II.

What happened to Pelayo at the Court of Witiza.
246

CHAPTER III.

How Pelayo lived among the Mountains of Cantabria.- His Adventure with the Needy Hidalgo of Gascony and the Rich Merchant of Bordeaux.- Discourse of the Holy Hermit.
249

CHAPTER IV.

Pilgrimage of Pelayo, and what befell him on his Return to Spain.
261

CHAPTER V.

The Battle of Covadonga.
268

CHAPTER VI.

Pelayo becomes King of Leon.- His Death.
274

ABDERAHMAN: THE FOUNDER OF THE DYNASTY OF THE OMMIADES OF SPAIN.

CHAPTER I.

Of the Youthful Fortunes of Abderahman.
279

CHAPTER II.

Landing of Abderahman in Spain.- Condition of the Country.
289

CHAPTER III.

Triumphs of Abderahman.- The Palm-tree which he planted, and the Verses he composed thereupon.- Insurrections.- His Enemies subdued.- Undisputed Sovereign of the Moslems of Spain.- Begins the famous Mosque in Cordova.- His Death.
293

CHRONICLE OF FERNAN GONZALEZ,
COUNT OF CASTILE.

Introduction.
313

CHAPTER I.

Installation of Fernan Gonzalez as Count of Castile.- His First Campaign against the Moors.- Victory of San Quirce.- How the Count disposed of the Spoils.
316

CHAPTER II.

Of the Sally from Burgos, and Surprise of the Castle of Lara.-Capitulation of the Town.- Visit to Alfonso the Great, King of Leon.
321

CHAPTER III.

Expedition against the Fortress of Muñon.- Desperate Defense of the Moors.- Enterprise against Castro Xeriz.
326

CHAPTER IV.

How the Count of Castile and the King of Leon make a Triumphant Foray into the Moorish Country.- Capture of Salamanca.- Of the Challenge brought by the Herald, and of the Count's Defiance.
329

CHAPTER V.

A Night Assault upon the Castle of Carazo.- The Moorish Maiden who betrayed the Garrison.
331

CHAPTER VI.

Death of Alfonso, King of Leon.- The Moors determined to strike a fresh Blow at the Count, who summons all Castile to his Standard.- Of his Hunt in the Forest while waiting for the Enemy, and of the Hermit that he met with.
335

CHAPTER VII.

The Battle of the Ford of Cascajares.
340

CHAPTER VIII.

Of the Message sent by the Count to Sancho II., King of Navarre, and the Reply.- Their Encounter in Battle.
343

CHAPTER IX.

How the Count of Toulouse makes a Campaign against Castile, and how he returns in his Coffin.
347

CHAPTER X.

How the Count went to receive the Hand of a Princess, and was thrown into a Dungeon.- Of the Stranger that visited him in his Chains, and of the Appeal that he made to the Princess for his Deliverance.
351

CHAPTER XI.

Of the Meditations of the Princess, and their Result.- Her Flight from the Prison with the Count, and Perils of the Escape.- The Nuptials.
355

CHAPTER XII.

King Garcia confined in Burgos by the Count.- The Princess intercedes for his Release.
361

CHAPTER XIII.

Of the Expedition against the ancient City of Sylo.-The unwitting Trespass of the Count into a Convent, and his Compunction thereupon.
363

CHAPTER XIV.

Of the Moorish Host that came up from Cordova, and how the Count repaired to the Hermitage of San Pedro, and prayed for Success against them, and received Assurance of Victory in a Vision.- Battle of Hazinas.
366

CHAPTER XV.

The Count imprisoned by the King of Leon.- The Countess concerts his Escape.- Leon and Castile united by the Marriage of the Prince Ordoño with Urraca, the Daughter of the Count by his first Wife.
373

CHAPTER XVI.

Moorish Incursion into Castile.- Battle of San Estevan.- Of Pascual Vivas and the Miracle that befell him.- Death of Ordoño III.
378

CHAPTER XVII.

King Sancho the Fat.- Of the Homage he exacted from Count Fernan Gonzalez, and of the strange Bargain that he made with him for the Purchase of his Horse and Falcon.
385

CHAPTER XVIII.

Further of the Horse and Falcon.
389

CHAPTER XIX.

The Last Campaign of Count Fernan.- His Death.
393

CHRONICLE OF FERNANDO THE SAINT.

CHAPTER I.

The Parentage of Fernando.- Queen Berenguela.- The Laras.- Don Alvar conceals the Death of King Henry.- Mission of Queen Berenguela to Alfonso IX.- She renounces the Crown of Castile in favor of her son Fernando.
401

CHAPTER II.

King Alfonso of Leon ravages Castile.- Captivity of Don Alvar.- Death of the Laras.
408

CHAPTER III.

Marriage of King Fernando.- Campaign against the Moors.- Aben Mohamed, King of Baeza, declares himself the Vassal of King Fernando.- They march to Jaen.- Burning of the Tower.- Fernando commences the Building of the Cathedral at Toledo.
415

CHAPTER IV.

Assassination of Aben Mohamed.- His Head carried as a Present to Abullale, the Moorish King of Seville.- Advance of the Christians into Andalusia.- Abullale purchases a Truce.
420

CHAPTER V.

Aben Hud.- Abullale purchases another Year's Truce.- Fernando hears of the Death of his Father, the King of Leon, while pressing the Siege of Jaen.- He becomes Sovereign of the two Kingdoms of Leon and Castile.
423

CHAPTER VI.

Expedition of the Prince Alonzo against the Moors.- Encamps on the Banks of the Guadalete.- Aben Hud marches out from Xerez and gives Battle.- Prowess of Garcia Perez de Vargas.- Fight and Pursuit of the Moors.- Miracle of the Blessed Santiago.
427

CHAPTER VII.

A bold Attempt upon Cordova, the Seat of Moorish Power.
435

CHAPTER VIII.

A Spy in the Christian Camp.- Death of Aben Hud.- A vital Blow to Moslem Power.- Surrender of Cordova to King Fernando.
439

CHAPTER IX.

Marriage of King Fernando to the Princess Juana.- Famine at Cordova.- Don Alvar Perez.
446

CHAPTER X.

Aben Alhamar, Founder of the Alhambra.- Fortifies Granada and makes it his Capital.- Attempts to Surprise the Castle of Martos.- Peril of the Fortress.- A Woman's Stratagem to save it.- Diego Perez, the Smasher.- Death of Count Alvar Perez de Castro.
450

CHAPTER XI.

Aben Hudiel, the Moorish King of Murcia, becomes the Vassal of King Fernando.- Aben Alhamar seeks to drive the Christians out of Andalusia.- Fernando takes the Field against him.- Ravages of the King.- His last Meeting with the Queen-Mother.
456

CHAPTER XII.

King Fernando's Expedition to Andalusia.- Siege of Jaen.- Secret Departure of Aben Alhamar for the Christian Camp.- He acknowledges himself the Vassal of the King, who enters Jaen in Triumph.
465

CHAPTER XIII.

Axataf, King of Seville, exasperated at the Submission of the King of Granada, rejects the Propositions of King Fernando for a Truce.- The latter is encouraged by a Vision to undertake the Conquest of the City of Seville.- Death of Queen Berenguela.- A Diplomatic Marriage.
470

CHAPTER XIV.

Investment of Seville.- All Spain aroused to Arms.- Surrender of Alcala del Rio.- The Fleet of Admiral Ramon Bonifaz advances up the Guadalquivir.- Don Pelayo Correa, Master of Santiago.- His Valorous Deeds and the Miracles wrought in his Behalf.
475

CHAPTER XV.

King Fernando changes his Camp.- Garci Perez and the seven Moors.
482

CHAPTER XVI.

Of the Raft built by the Moors, and how it was boarded by Admiral Bonifaz.- Destruction of the Moorish Fleet.- Succor from Africa.
488

CHAPTER XVII.

Of the Stout Prior Ferran Ruyz, and how he rescued his Cattle from the Moors.- Further Enterprises of the Prior, and of the Ambuscade into which he Fell.
492

CHAPTER XVIII.

Bravado of the Three Cavaliers.- Ambush at the Bridge over the Guadayra.-Desperate Valor of Garci Perez.-Grand Attempt of Admiral Bonifaz on the Bridge of Boats.- Seville dismembered from Triana.
496

CHAPTER XIX.

Investment of Triana.- Garci Perez and the Infanzon.
504

CHAPTER XX.

Capitulation of Seville.- Dispersion of the Moorish Inhabitants.- Triumphant Entry of King Fernando.
508

CHAPTER XXI.

Death of King Fernando.
514

SPANISH ROMANCE.

Spanish Romance.
519

Legend of Don Munio Sancho de Hinojosa.
523

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